What is the main purpose of the ground rod in an electrical system?

The main purpose of the ground rod in an electrical system is to provide a low-resistance path for fault currents. In the event of a fault, such as a short circuit, the ground rod ensures that the excess electrical current can safely dissipate into the earth. This is vital for protecting both the electrical system and the equipment connected to it, as well as ensuring safety for personnel. By directing fault currents away from energized circuits, the ground rod helps to prevent potential electrical shocks, fires, and damage to electrical equipment.

While increasing voltage output and improving energy efficiency may be important in various electrical applications, they are not functions of a ground rod. A ground rod does not serve to store electrical energy; instead, it is strictly involved in grounding, which enhances safety and protects the integrity of the electrical installation.