Why will lightning strike a static wire instead of a transmission phase?

The correct answer is based on the principle of how electrical discharge occurs during a lightning event. The static wire is typically at a higher elevation compared to the transmission phases, which creates a favored point for lightning strikes due to its height. However, the static wire also provides a low resistance path to ground. When lightning approaches, it seeks the path of least resistance to reach the ground.

The significant factor here is that the static wire is designed to safely dissipate electrical energy and has a less impeded grounding capability compared to a transmission line, which may be insulated or have higher resistance characteristics. Thus, lightning prefers to strike the static wire not only because it is high enough to attract the discharge but also because it offers a more effective path for the discharge to reach the ground, minimizing resistance along the route.

The principles underlying the other options demonstrate different factors unrelated to the specific reason lightning strikes a static wire. For instance, while height contributes to the likelihood of a strike, it is the low resistance path that is the core reason in conjunction with the wire's positioning.